Jumat, 23 Desember 2011

MIDNIGHT'S CHILDREN BY SALMAN RUSHDIE

MIDNIGHT'S CHILDREN 

BIOGRAPHY OF SALMAN RUSHDIE




            Rushdie was born in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, on June 19, 1947, less than two months before India became independent of Great Britain. Born to well-to-do Muslim parents, he received an English-language education, first in India and later in England at Rugby School and at the University of Cambridge, where he studied history. From the age of 14, he lived, studied, and worked in England, visiting India and Pakistan, where his family relocated while Rushdie was at Rugby. He became a British citizen at the age of 17.
            Salman Rushdie, British novelist of Indian descent. His second book, Midnight’s Children (1981), won Britain’s prestigious Booker Prize and in 1993 was voted the best novel to win that prize in 25 years. However, his novel The Satanic Verses (1988) was condemned by many Muslims for blasphemy and banned in several Islamic countries. After Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued a fatwa (judgment) sentencing Rushdie to death, Rushdie went into hiding for several years and remained under constant police protection. In 2007 Rushdie was awarded a knighthood, an honor that drew protests from the governments of Iran and Pakistan.

‘ERRATA’: OR, UNRELIABLE ARRATION IN MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN
            Midnight‘s Children, burst upon the world, winning several literary awards in addition to the Booker Prize. The novel links the maturation of its protagonist Saleem Sinai, who is born in the same instant as independent India, with that of his country. It is part bildungsroman in its exploration of the development of character, part magic realist fantasy in its description of the miraculous talents possessed by those born in the first hour of Indian independence, and part political satire in its tracing of the crumbling hopes of these children and the nation. Midnight’s Children enjoyed unexpected popular success in addition to its critical acclaim.
In 1980 Salman Rushdie published the novel Midnight’s Children. With this book, Rushdie became one of the first writers in English to employ magic realism. Midnight’s Children is noted for its insights into issues of personal and national identity in India and Pakistan as postcolonial nations.
            There are some differences in saleem references for example: In Hindu tradition explain us the elephant-headed god Ganesha is very fond of literature and he agrees to sit at the feet of the bard Vyasa and take down the entire text of the Mahabrata, from start to finish, in an unparalleled act of stenographic love. But, Saleem Sinai in midnight’s children was wrong in his reference and his views about old tradition. Ganesha sat at the feet of the poet Valmiki and took down the Ramayana. 
            Besides that, Saleem’s views have not from being an authoritative guide to the history of post independence India.

CONNECTED WITH INDIAN LITERATURE
             In the critical of Unreliable narration in midnight’s children, we know that the problems are about in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Besides that in the Unreliable narration in midnight’s children talking about religion, it was Hindu.
According to Hindu tradition, the elephant-headed god Ganesha is very fond of literature; …
            From the earlier statement in the text, looked us if the topic here about Hindu religion. In the Indian literature has specific object and of course it is about religion, like in the Midnight’s Children, which was one of the specific object, It is the strong topic that influence Indian writing, the major religions of  the area has been Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam. And the common doctrine in Indian Literature is about religion. In the history said that Hinduism is a religious tradition of Indian origin.
            The word Hindu is derived from the river Sindhu, or Indus. Hindu was primarily a geographical term that referred to India or to a region of India (near the Sindhu) as long ago as the 6th century bc. The word Hinduism is an English word of more recent origin. Hinduism entered the English language in the early 19th century to describe the beliefs and practices of those residents of India who had not converted to Islam or Christianity and did not practice Judaism or Zoroastrianism.
            Ganesha, Hindu god, son of Shiva and Parvati. Ganesha is represented as having the head of an elephant, and he is worshiped as a remover of obstacles.
“….. he agrees to sit at the feet of the bard Vyasa and take down the entire text of the Mahabharata, …”
In this sentence, there is a word Mahabharata, and it is showing us that Indian literature was always focusing to religion, and “The Mahabharata word” here, is a complement to explain the reader if it was a special focusing, religion.
            Mahabharata (Sanskrit, The Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty), Is a familiar one in longer of the two great epic poems of ancient India; the other is the Ramayana. Although both are basically secular works, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana are ritually recited and are thought to confer religious merit on their hearers. The main theme of the Mahabharata is the contest between two noble families, the Pandavas and their blood relatives the Kauravas, for possession of a kingdom in northern India
            And then, about country, there were Indian, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Indian literature too, is always used by writer to talk about Indian Subcontinent; they are Indian, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. From there, we can know that the country in the Midnight’s meeting is a specific issue in Indian literature.
“And how could Lata Mangeshkar have been heard singing on All-India Radio as early as 1946?  …”
            From this statement, we can know that, that time in India was present Radio. In the story said that “Ravi Shankar received his musical training from the noted Indian musician Ustad Allaudin Khan. Khan's influence can be seen in Shankar's inventive style and unusual, asymmetric rhythms. Through his work with All-India Radio, Shankar composed many radio scores and film scores (including Pather Panchali,1955), and ballets on texts of the Indian writer and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore. In the 1960s Shankar taught Indian music to the British singing group the Beatles and also performed with the British violinist Yehudi Menuhin”.

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